WELLBEING AI RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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WELLBEING AI RESEARCH INSTITUTE
EMOTION - RESOURCES
STARTUP: MUSIMAP
Category: Emotion
Musimap – Adds value to your music catalogs and delivers knowledge on your music listeners. MusiMatch leverages AI to match and find musically similar tracks within your catalog(s). MusiMotion enriches metadata, by tagging tracks with weighted moods, genres, situations and musical attributes such as key and BPM.
STARTUP: EMOSHAPE
Category: Emotion
Emoshape – A technology that enables an emotional response in Intelligent Machines. Emoshape Inc. is dedicated to providing a solution that teaches intelligent objects how to interact with humans to yield a favorable, positive result with connection and compassion.
STARTUP: RECEPTIVITI
Category: Emotion
Receptivi is the human insights operating system that helps you understand peoples’ emotions, personalities, motivations, psychology. Measure language-based indicators of mental health and wellness, evaluate therapist empathy, and track linguistic indicators of treatment progression and success.
STARTUP: ELEMENT HUMAN
Category: Emotion Balance
Element Human – Understand people beyond the click. We measure Human Experience. Our consent-based platform enables everyday devices to safely capture and respond to the emotional, memory and thought drivers of human behaviour as people interact with digital experiences.
RESEARCH PAPER: EMOTIONS IN HUMAN AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Martı́nez-Miranda, J., & Aldea, A. (2005). Emotions in human and artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(2), 323–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.02.010
Intelligence and emotions differentiate humans from animals. Emotion is part of a persons behaviour and certain feelings can affect his/her performance, emotions can even prevent a person from producing an intelligent outcome. Therefore, when a computer aims to emulate human behaviour, not only should this computer think and reason, but it should also be able to show emotions. This paper presents a review of recent research that shows the importance of the emotions in human intelligence. This paper also presents the research that has been carried out into the incorporation of emotions to intelligent systems, how a computer can show affections and how to create intelligent agents that show emotions to other agents that communicate with them in the same environment.
RESEARCH PAPER: FROM HUMAN EMOTIONS TO ROBOT EMOTIONS
Fellous, Jean-Marc. (2004). From Human Emotions to Robot Emotions. American Association for Artificial Intelligence. aaai.org/Papers/Symposia/Spring/2004/SS-04-02/SS04-02-008.pdf
The main difficulties that researchers face in understanding emotions are difficulties only because of the narrowmindedness of our views on emotions. We are not able to free ourselves from the notion that emotions are necessarily human emotions. I will argue that if animals have emotions, then so can robots. Studies in neuroscience have shown that animal models, though having limitations, have significantly contributed to our understanding of the functional and mechanistic aspects of emotions. I will suggest that one of the main functions of emotions is to achieve the multi-level communication of simplified but high impact information. The way this function is achieved in the brain depends on the species, and on the specific emotion considered. The classical view that emotions are ‘computed’ by specialized brain centers, such as the ‘limbic system’, is criticized. I will suggest that an ensemble of well-known neurobiological phenomena, together referred to as neuromodulation, provide a useful framework for understanding how emotions arise, are maintained, and interact with other aspects of behavior and cognitive processing. This framework suggests new ways in which robot emotions can be implemented and fulfill their function.
RESEARCH PAPER: THE ETHICS OF EMOTION IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS
Stark, L., & Hoey, J. (2021). The Ethics of Emotion in Artificial Intelligence Systems. Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445939
In this paper, we develop a taxonomy of conceptual models and proxy data used for digital analysis of human emotional expression and outline how the combinations and permutations of these models and data impact their incorporation into artificial intelligence (AI) systems. We argue we should not take computer scientists at their word that the paradigms for human emotions they have developed internally and adapted from other disciplines can produce ground truth about human emotions; instead, we ask how different conceptualizations of what emotions are, and how they can be sensed, measured and transformed into data, shape the ethical and social implications of these AI systems.
VIDEO: YOU AREN'T AT THE MERCY OF YOUR EMOTIONS - YOUR BRAIN CREATES THEM
Can you look at someone’s face and know what they’re feeling? Does everyone experience happiness, sadness and anxiety the same way? What are emotions anyway? For the past 25 years, psychology professor Lisa Feldman Barrett has mapped facial expressions, scanned brains and analyzed hundreds of physiology studies to understand what emotions really are. She shares the results of her exhaustive research — and explains how we may have more control over our emotions than we think.
VIDEO: TECHNOLOGY AND EMOTIONS
Technology and Emotions | Roz Picard – TEDxSF
Professor Rosalind W. Picard, ScD is founder and director of the Affective Computing research group at the MIT Media Lab, co-director of the Things That Think consortium, and leader of the new and growing Autism & Communication Technology Initiative at MIT. In April 2009 she co-founded Affectiva, Inc., where she serves as chairman and chief scientist.
VIDEO: TECHNOLOGY THAT KNOWS WHAT YOU'RE FEELING
What happens when technology knows more about us than we do? Poppy Crum studies how we express emotions — and she suggests the end of the poker face is near, as new tech makes it easy to see the signals that give away how we’re feeling. In a talk and demo, she shows how “empathetic technology” can read physical signals like body temperature and the chemical composition of our breath to inform on our emotional state. For better or for worse. “If we recognize the power of becoming technological empaths, we get this opportunity where technology can help us bridge the emotional and cognitive divide,” Crum says.
VIDEO: THIS IS WHY EMOTIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE MATTERS
We display more than 7000 different facial expressions every day and we perceive all of them very intuitively. We associate to them attitudes, emotions, intentions, and moods. They are the window into our inner selves. Maja Pantic uses artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to analyse human non-verbal behaviour, including facial expressions, body gestures, laughter, social signals, and affective states. In this video, she shows how these techniques can be used for the good of people – helping autistic children interpret other people’s facial expressions – or for the bad. Maja imagines AI enhancing human abilities further, allowing for sight, hearing and even communicating to be aided by computers. However, she urges all of us to protect out own behavioral data from corporate misuse. Professor Maja Pantic went from studying mathematics in her native Belgrade, Serbia, to specialising in computer sciences in Delft, the Netherlands. From Delft, Pantic moved to London where she is now Professor of Affective and Behavioural Computing and the Head of the iBUG group, working on machine analysis of human non-verbal behaviour. In May 2018, she became the Research Director of Samsung AI Research Centre in Cambridge.
BOOK: AFFECT AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Affect and Artificial intelligence – Elizabeth A. Wilson
In 1950, Alan Turing, the British mathematician, cryptographer, and computer pioneer, looked to the future: now that the conceptual and technical parameters for electronic brains had been established, what kind of intelligence could be built? Should machine intelligence mimic the abstract thinking of a chess player or should it be more like the developing mind of a child? Should an intelligent agent only think, or should it also learn, feel, and grow? Affect and Artificial Intelligence is the first in-depth analysis of affect and intersubjectivity in the computational sciences. Elizabeth Wilson makes use of archival and unpublished material from the early years of AI (1945-70) until the present to show that early researchers were more engaged with questions of emotion than many commentators have assumed. She documents how affectivity was managed in the canonical works of Walter Pitts in the 1940s and Turing in the 1950s, in projects from the 1960s that injected artificial agents into psychotherapeutic encounters, in chess-playing machines from the 1940s to the present, and in the Kismet (sociable robotics) project at MIT in the 1990s.
BOOK: DESCARTES' ERROR
Descartes’ Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain – Antonio Damasio
Since Descartes famously proclaimed, “I think, therefore I am,” science has often overlooked emotions as the source of a person’s true being. Even modern neuroscience has tended, until recently, to concentrate on the cognitive aspects of brain function, disregarding emotions. This attitude began to change with the publication of Descartes’ Error in 1995. Antonio Damasio—”one of the world’s leading neurologists” (The New York Times)—challenged traditional ideas about the connection between emotions and rationality. In this wondrously engaging book, Damasio takes the reader on a journey of scientific discovery through a series of case studies, demonstrating what many of us have long suspected: emotions are not a luxury, they are essential to rational thinking and to normal social behavior.
BOOK: ATLAS OF THE HEART
Atlas of the Heart – Brené Brown
In Atlas of the Heart, Brown takes us on a journey through eighty-seven of the emotions and experiences that define what it means to be human. As she maps the necessary skills and an actionable framework for meaningful connection, she gives us the language and tools to access a universe of new choices and second chances—a universe where we can share and steward the stories of our bravest and most heartbreaking moments with one another in a way that builds connection. Over the past two decades, Brown’s extensive research into the experiences that make us who we are has shaped the cultural conversation and helped define what it means to be courageous with our lives. Atlas of the Heart draws on this research, as well as on Brown’s singular skills as a storyteller, to show us how accurately naming an experience doesn’t give the experience more power, it gives us the power of understanding, meaning, and choice.
BOOK: THE LANGUAGE OF EMOTIONS
Your emotions contain brilliant information. When you learn to welcome them as your allies, they can reveal creative solutions to any situation. For 35 years, empathic counselor and researcher Karla McLaren has developed a set of practical tools for the real-world stresses of family, career, and the quest for personal fulfillment. On The Language of Emotions, she presents her breakthrough teachings for a new and empowering relationship with your feeling states.